Dr.N.Radha krishna - My Blog

At the outset ; I CAN TELL TWO THINGS THAT MUST BE DONE AT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL --- Postpone the comforts ,Reduce the luxuries . This philosophy of humans will automatically will cut down emissions to the desired levels as the industry which promotes these will divert their activities more towards the necessity of the total mankind.


The 1992 Earth summit at Rio De Janeiro was unique to get world leaders to agree o an urgent action plan to significantly cut down carbon emissions, save the world`s forests, preserve biodiversity and help poor nations combat climate change. The rich nations promised much but did little. INDUSTRIALISED NATIONS DRAGGED THEIR FEET OVER BINDING EMISSION CUTS AND PROVIDING THE FUNDS AND CLEAN TECHNOLOGY TO POOR NATIONS TO HELP THEM COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE.

In a world where people worry for their next meal , who is worried about something happenening after 50 yrs ?

Any thing to be done is basically the resonsibility of the nations / people who are responsible to heal the wounds caused by them . Only this approach of repentence and humanity can save the Earth from going into flames by our emissions ( supposedly believed by majority of scientists with permissible human errors ).

The US , then the world`s largest emitter of green house gases, stood isolated.Finally, a framework agreement on climate change was reached at Rio that would take another five years to become the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and another eight to come into effect in 2005.

The governing law is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change signed in 1992. It is unambiguous. "The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in complying with their obligations" under the treaty. Moreover, "developed country Parties shall also assist the developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change in meeting costs of adaptation to those adverse effects." The treaty emphasizes the need for "adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds." Kyoto protocol's goal is to divide the whole world into two, one who can afford making changes to their existing infrastructure and the ones who cannot. Two key building blocks for that framework may take shape here:

1. Setting targets for controlling emissions of carbon dioxide and other global-warming gases, including by the leading contributors, China and the United States.
2. Agreeing on how much rich countries should pay for poor nations' clean energy technology and for seawalls, irrigation and other projects to counter a changing climate.

Copenhagen was the occasion to fix a broken system. We need, in short, an assessment formula. Member states of the International Monetary Fund pay assessments based on an agreed quota formula; likewise, the UN requires member states to pay an assessment for its budget. We need clear formulas as well for development and climate financing.

But,Copenhagen has created a new accord which does not have any human touch unlike Kyoto Protocol and Bali action plan. The emerging outcome was a disappointment to those who had anticipated the Copenhagen Accord would be turned into a legally binding treaty. Lumumba Di-Aping, the Sudanese ambassador who chairs the bloc of developing countries, called it "extremely flawed." "A gross violation has been committed today against the poor, against the tradition of transparency and participation of equal footing for all parties of the convention and against common sense," he said, complaining that Obama negotiated the pact in one-on-one meetings and a forum of 25 nations. The document said carbon emissions should be reduced enough to keep the increase in average temperature below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), which is stronger than in any previous declaration accepted by the rich countries. However, environmental groups called it a meaningless aspiration. "The deal is a triumph of spin over substance. It recognizes the need to keep warming below 2 degrees but does not commit to do so. Instead, it envisions another year of negotiations and leaves myriad details yet to be decided.US and others shall adher only to the accord sidelining and weakening the Bali Action Plan and the UN convention which are more human and heavier demands on them and finally making the accord as template at Mexico.

By all this, we can set a road map to Mexico 2010 letting only the rich countries with whom Obama negotiated in one-on -one meetings and a forum of 25 nations and arrived at an acoord to attend at Mexico rather than all 193 nations who attended Copenhagen summit.The reason being the confusions and conflicts between the existing groups; G-8,G-20 ,G77,Islandnations,poor nations etc, etc.The nations who are the culprits of huge emissions and bound to reductions and who are rich enough either in cash or tehnology to contribute ,need to attend the Mexico summit and come to a final and committed resolution to keep the increase in average temperature below 2 degrees celsius.FINALLY IT MEANS , THE CONTRIBUTORS OF EMISSIONS, CASH & TECHNOLOGY (THE REAL PLAYERS WITHOUT ANY AUDIENCE) SHOULD ONLY SIT TO GIVE A ROAD MAP TO REACH THE UNANIMOUSLY ACCEPTED GOAL AS MENTIONED ABOVE.

copenhagen, mexico

If any substantial effort to tackle the causes and effects of climate change has to take place , participation mainly by people and the govts supporting these effort and channelising them scientifically with a human approach.

Poulation control voluntarily by people with logistic supports from the respective govts.

Attend to the basic needs of every one on the earth.

Postpone the comforts .

Reduce the luxuries .Here govts should make luxuries and vulgar consumptions very expensive by heavy taxation ( this will not deter much of the consumptions but govt can raise huge monoes to utilise them for the research, mitigation and adaptation.)

If this is followed from today , we will have a correct and applicable modes for mitigations and adaptations by the time we go to Mexico.

needs, comforts, luxuries

This supposed global warming will make the earth uninhabitable for humans and also it should be understood that climate has not got any nation but it is global.If emissions are due to sheep in Australia, due to cattle in Denmark ,due to deforestaition in Brazil and Indonesia or China and India using cheaper technolgy to get industrialised and feed their billions of people - all these are for their national interest.Until 21st century,West was responsible for most of the emissions as their industrialisation started centuries ago and they developed better technology to mitigate the emissions but they did not share it with the remaining world and put that technology in the market at very high price which poor nations can not afford to create energy at that price to give even electricity to all their people to light their homes.So by toiling hard with half empty stomachs for decades these nations are in the path of development and most of this devlopment is fuelled by exports to you at abnormally low prices which you are enjoying.Instead,you could have supplied the most better technolgy at reasonable costs but you will not do it as you want many more Bill Gates and here it must be brought to the notice of the world about the price difference between branded and generic medicines.Even in this grave climate situation,as greatly and cleverly publicised by the developed world,you want to encash thro` your efficient technology for cleaner and alternative energy. Yes -this is a big fraud by you on billions of people who do not have two square meals a day,dying due to lack of medical facilities and mal-nutrition.Wake up,be human ;otherwise nature will take a balancing action and you also will be extinct along with the people of the poor world.We have seen dinosautus which is much bigger than you extinct.
To come out of this,all the devloped countries should help the -whole world- by aiding with funds and technolgy to adapt to these - TEN COMMANDMENTS -

1. Day should start one hour earlier to utilise the sunlight to maximum.
2. Control population explosion
3. Replace ordinary bulbs by cfl lamps through out the world.
4. Survey of availablity of wind ,solar and hydel energy and construction by UN.
5. Afforestation.
6. Reducing the power of automobiles by 20 %
7. Low carbon technology for old and new thermal power plants
8. Make public transportation by buses,trains customer friendly and convenient.
9. All the future development of towns and cities should be environmental friendly
10.Lifts should start from the 1st floor of the buildings.

climatechange, copenhagen

The Nature balances every thing in its own way at its own time.It is evident but we think that we can conquer by our intelligence and perseverance, but it is proved otherwise most of the times.As per history,the combined GDP of China and India is more than 1/3rd of the world,2000 yrs ago.But,about 60yrs ago,they are one among the poor countries. Once again they are coming out of the poverty. Now at this juncture of global warming posing a threat of human extinction by making the earth uninhabitable,(still many doubt the authenticity of the research on climate change),the rich and poor face this extinction uniformly. So at Copenhagen,the more onus is on the developed nations to use their money and technology to mitigate this climate change as much as our knowledge permits.If they take lead not only in negotiations and formulations but in implementing, keeping in view of every single human on the earth as this problem can not be treated nationwise ,they save themselves along with the poor.This mindset must be there throughout the summit and some thing positive and humane will come out of it,every sensible man hopes.

The best way now to pressurise US,Canada,Australia and others who are reluctant on emission cuts is that our commitments or intentions will depend upon the developed nations` commitment and we should remember that global warming is due to their emissions and thus if we reduce the emissions voluntarily without any commitment from them will be once again that we face the problem created by them ,AS CLIMATE IS BOUNDARY LESS AND NATION LESS.

copenhagen, india, climatechange

The reason for this traffic to Copenhagen , fortunately or unfotunately,is the atmosphere does not have any boundaries.You can not stop the agression of the devastating Carbon Emissions to enter your country though you are not the offender.

THE WORLD UNDERSTANDS THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES` IGNORANCE OF THE DAMAGE TO THE PLANET-EARTH BY EMISSIONS TILL RECENT YEARS.BUT IF THEY STILL CONTINUE TO DO SO OR NOT ACT, THE OTHER WORLD OF UNDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WILL TREAT THEM AS THE DESTROYERS OF THE PLANET EARTH.

The threat of climate change is now so grave that it requires radical action.The world leaders must ensure that the summit reaches a fair, ambitious and binding deal that saves us all from climate change. If we don't change the self-centered greedy attitude and take real action, we will lose our chance to save the Earth from the climate change.You,the leaders of the world have a unique responsibility because you exercise political power at a time when humanity is faced with its greatest ever challenge. For leaders after you, it will be too late to act. It is our generation that must take charge and save our the Earth. And we can, but the clock is ticking.The Copenhagen climate summit is just weeks away. The international negotiations are deadlocked and we're running out of time to get the global deal that the planet needs.

Climate Change has become an urgent and pervasive preoccupation across the globe. It is a global challenge which requires an ambitious global response. India and other developing countries would be among those most seriously impacted by the consequences of Climate Change. It is for this reason that India, along with its G-77 + China partners, has been playing an active and constructive role in the ongoing multilateral negotiations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, to ensure that the forthcoming 15th Conference of Parties in Copenhagen in December this year, delivers an ambitious, but also an equitable outcome.The only way to solve this problem is stopping the abuse of the nature. In December,at Copenhagen, these world leadrs stand together to fight the climate change - the biggest terror,
the humanity faces.

COP15 has been called the most important meeting of the century, and is, in fact, of great global significance as it will define the role of governments and businesses worldwide in guiding the economy onto a sustainable path. The complexity of global climate policy often leaves people confused and disengaged; however, i speak earth has the power to unite citizens worldwide and help them influence the change they seek.Climate change is an issue that does and will affect every citizen on earth. World leaders at COP15 must establish a replacement for the Kyoto Protocol - which expires in 2012 and is not structured to solve the dire
climate change problem - that will reduce emissions over the next 10 to 15 years. If not, the opportunity to prevent global warming will be lost and the door to uncertainty will be open.About The Copenhagen Climate Council .The Copenhagen Climate Council is a global collaboration between business and science founded by the leading independent think tank in Scandinavia, Monday Morning, based in Copenhagen. The members of the Copenhagen Climate Council have come together to create global awareness of the importance of the U.N. Climate Change Conference, COP15, in Copenhagen, in December 2009, and to ensure support and assistance to global decision-makers when agreeing on a new climate treaty.

The US and other advanced countries may be dithering in the fight against climate change but India is ready to launch its Solar mission. The Union Cabinet is going to consider the mission document, which requires India to generate 1,000 mw of solar power every year by 2013.It is also observed that developing nations are pressurised to meet the targets, the US and other developed nations should do their part by offering financial and technology and should not be greedy to earn out of this as emissions in any part of the world are going to effect the whole world.

India and the US signed an “MoU to Enhance Cooperation on Energy Security , Energy Efficiency , Clean Energy and Climate Change” on 24 November 2009. The bilateral document was signed by External Affairs Minister and US Secretary of State at the US State Department.The MoU would strengthen and intensify India-US collaboration on energy security, clean energy and climate change and bring together joint ideas on energy efficiency, renewable energy and green technologies to stimulate India-US Energy dialogue and the India-US bilateral dialogue on Global Climate Change, a new framework announced on 20 July 2009. It would allow the two countries to share their experiences and best practices as they both try to diversify their energy mix. The MoU would help to expand current partnerships for promoting sustainable growth, innovation, application of alternative fuels and clean energy and capacity building for deployment of adaptable, affordable and climate friendly technologies in both countries. The MoU envisages setting up an India–US Clean Energy Research and Deployment Initiative, including a Joint Research Center to foster innovation and joint efforts to accelerate deployment of clean energy technologies.
China invites key nations to discuss climate change on Nov 27th;This discussion coming after both China and India signed MOUs with US on climate and energy related issues is reaffirmative to G77 nations.Doubts had been raised both about China and India about aligning with US.At the same time,influential players of G77 are watching this.Brazil,one of the key players had recently proposed to reduce its emissions thro` externally supported reduction in in deforestation but this also is not along with the classic G77 positions.this made some of G77 to say that developed world is creating a divide and rule over them.On the top of this,a group called vulnerable countries--including Bangladesh and Mauritius is funded and forged to have a seperate say at UN meet also collaborates this doubt.

President Barack Obama will attend climate-change talks in Copenhagen next month, offering an emissions-cut goal of about 17 percent by 2020 after legislation to reduce greenhouse gases stalled in Congress. The president will travel to the Danish capital on Dec. 9 during the first week of negotiations for a new treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012, The proposed emissions cut marks the first time the U.S. has offered a 2020 target in the international negotiations. A measure passed by the House of Representatives in June calls for a 17 percent reduction while a measure proposed in the Senate calls for a cut of 20 percent.
The House of Representatives passed a bill in June by a 219-212 vote. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, a Nevada Democrat, said last week that his chamber won’t take up legislation until “sometime in the spring.” Without a completed bill from the Senate, which would have to ratify an international climate treaty by a two-thirds majority, Obama’s negotiators are left without firm guidelines from Congress.

Sticking Point====The level of emissions cuts has been a sticking point between industrialized nations and emerging economies. China and India have argued that industrialized countries must be willing to cut their carbon output 40 percent by 2020 from 1990 levels if they expect poorer nations to agree to long-term reduction goals. The Obama administration hopes other major economies will “put forth ambitious actions of their own,” Browner said today. Danish Prime Minister Lars Loekke Rasmussen has invited the heads of almost 200 countries to the Danish capital for the last two days of the Dec. 7-18 meeting. Among leaders planning to attend are German Chancellor Angela Merkel, U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama. “The world is very much looking to the U.S. to come up with an emissions reduction target” as well as financial aid to help developing countries cut emissions and adapt to global warming, de Boer said today.
Kyoto Protocol ---Negotiators have worked for almost two years to devise new emissions-reduction targets for the 37 developed nations bound by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol treaty’s goals. Leaders are trying to agree on standards for the U.S., which never ratified the Kyoto accord, and for developing nations such as China and India, which had no Kyoto commitments. Leaders including Obama have said that a binding accord for reducing greenhouse gases isn’t expected in Copenhagen. The UN had previously said the meeting would mark the deadline for completing a treaty. Instead, leaders are now calling for a “meaningful” political agreement as a framework for a final accord to replace Kyoto. Negotiations are expected to continue next year.

China has unveiled its first firm target to curb greenhouse gas emissions, laying out a carbon intensity goal on Thursday that Premier Wen Jiabao will take to looming climate talks as his government's central commitment.The announcement comes a day after the United States unveiled its proposal to cut greenhouse gases by 2020 and said President Barack Obama will attend the Dec 7-18 U.N. climate talks in Copenhagen. Beijing said on Thursday Wen would also attend.
China, the world's top emitter of greenhouse gases from human activity, pledged to cut the amount of carbon dioxide emitted for each unit of national income 40 to 45 percent by 2020, compared to 2005 levels, the official Xinhua agency reported."This is a voluntary action taken by the Chinese government based on its own national conditions and is a major contribution to the global effort in tackling climate change," Xinhua said, The firm emissions commitment from China will help efforts to reach a deal at the U.N.-led talks in Denmark."This is a huge morale booster," said John Hay, spokesman for the U.N. Climate Change Secretariat, China's announcement after big emitters Brazil and Indonesia recently announced tough 2020 reduction targets and Wednesday's 2020 target from the United States are expected to help the Copenhagen talks.Negotiations over a new climate change treaty have stalled as rich and poor nations argued over who should cut emissions, by how much and who should pay.

NEGOTIATIONS AHEAD ---The State Council meeting also said the intensity goal was a "voluntary" one that would be measured and verified through "domestic" steps.
That may also leave room for negotiation over the extent to which the goal is brought into a binding international commitment under any new climate pact. The White House said the United States will pledge in Copenhagen to cut its greenhouse gas emissions roughly 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020, a drop of about 3 percent below the 1990 benchmark year used in U.N. treaties -- far below the 25-40 percent cut from 1990 levels recommended by the U.N. climate panel. As a developing country, China is not obliged by current treaties to accept binding caps on its emissions, and it and other poor countries have said that principle should not change in any new deal that emerges from Copenhagen. In a fast-moving week of climate developments, Australia's troubled carbon trade scheme was thrown into confusion on Thursday after several opposition lawmakers resigned their party positions and promised to ignore a deal to support the government's planned laws. A day earlier, neighboring New Zealand passed their revised carbon trading laws, the second emissions trading scheme to win approval after Europe's began in 2005.
China announced plans Thursday to cut its carbon emissions by up to 45 percent as measured against its economic output — a target aimed at keeping its surging growth while still reining in pollution. China pledges to cut carbon intensity — carbon dioxide emissions per unit of gross domestic product — by 40 to 45 percent by 2020, compared with levels in 2005.China is the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases believed to cause global warning. Its global warming emissions should increase — but at a much slower pace than if China had made no changes.
India, the world's fifth-biggest greenhouse gas emitter, has proposed a similar policy to link emissions to growth in gross domestic product, China's State Council, or Cabinet, said it "is a voluntary action taken by the Chinese government based on its own national conditions and is a major contribution to the global effort in tackling climate change."It said the improvements would come through better research and development, clean coal technology, advanced nuclear energy and better transportation systems. Tax laws and regulations will also be changed to encourage energy efficiency.Despite setting a target on carbon emissions, it does not mean China will accept an international treaty that sets a binding target for it.China has said repeatedly it will seek binding pollution targets for developed countries and reject similar requirements for itself at Copenhagen. China has said it was unfair that all countries be required to play a role combating global warming since most of the environmental damage was caused by developed nations during their industrialization over the last 100 to 200 years.China has already said renewables such as solar and wind power will supply 15 percent of its energy needs by 2020.

Apart from this cooperative agreement of action in their respective nations there is no mention of joint fight along with the undeveloped countries to pressurise the west which is the main culprit of greenhouse gas emissions ,to pay for their excessive emissions in the form of cash and free technolgy transfer to the other world to take active part and contribute to the reduction of emissions which is the priority of the day which is going to be debated at Copenhagen in December.

AMERICA AND OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES MUST PRACTICE EMISSION CONTROL TO THE SPIRIT OF EVERY LETTER. AMERICA WANTS TO REDUCE ITS EMISSIONS TO 4TONS/PERSON BY 2050. IF THEY WANT TO TALK WITH ANY COUNTRY ABOUT EMISSIONS AND REDUCTIONS, THEY HAVE TO TAKE AN ACTIVE INITIATION IN BRINGING ALL THE COUNTRIES TO THE TABLE.THE SOLUTION SHOULD BE LIKE THIS.
1) EMISSIONS PER PERSON IS TO BE LIMITED TO FIVE TONS/PERSON ACROSS ALL THE COUNTRIES.
2) A FUND UNDER THE CONTROL OF UN BE FORMED.
3) A COST FACTOR BE DECIDED FOR THE AMOUNT OF EMISSION EXCEEDING THE LIMIT ALLOWED ;X-DOLLARS/TON PER PERSON.
4)THIS SHOULD BE PAID TO THE ACCOUNT OF CARBON CREDITS AND THUS INCREASING THE VALUE OF CARBON CREDITS AND IT HELPS AS AN INITIATIVE TO GO FOR CLEAN ENERGY, AFFORESTATION(this will be a big employment generator),AND CONSERVATION(by optimum utilisation, less wastages).

It should be the responsibility of UN to survey the world for the production of clean energy like solar and hydro power and build these projects across the world by using the money collected from the offending nations emitting huge emissions after fixing the emission cap at 5 tons/person/year.Copenhagen to negotiate for financial and technological aids from developed countries and let multilateral institutions build these solar,wind and hydro power in any country where sun, wind and water are available in plenty by an international survey and dedicate this power for local use,there by reducing the use of fossil fuels for energy.This reduction of dependence on fossil fuels any where in the world would benefit the whole world - Planet Earth.This solves the problem of unaffordability of poor nations to use expensive clean energy. Unless India,China,and other G77 countries take the lead and pressurise the offending nations to pay a price for the emissions above the cap internationlly enforced which should not be dictated by US AND OTHER RICH COUNTRIES - the culprits of the huge emissions. West would be trying to use all its diplomatic methods with a sweet cajole and harsh threat to bring the world to accept their idea of caps to suit their lifestyles.----

We expect that Copenhagen will result in and ambitious outcome,representing a cooperative global response to the challenge of Climate Change, but an outcome which is also fair and equitable.It must be in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.The Copenhagen outcome must be concluded on the principle of equity, recognising that every citizen of the globe has an equal entitlement to the planetary atmospheric resource.To achieve 50% reduction globally by 2050, developed countries will have to undertake much more significant cuts in emissions than currently indicated.

We should devise a global package which:
(a) commits developed countries to signifi cant reductions in their GHG emissions;
(b) achieves the widest possible dissemination at affordable costs of existing climate-friendly technologies and practices;
(c) puts in place a collaborative R&D effort among developed and major developing countries, to bring about cost-effective technological innovations and transformational technologies,that can put the world on the road to a carbon-free economy.
(d)These objectives must be supported by sufficient financial resources (Finance) and technology transfer (Technology) from developed to developing countries.

Such a package will go beyond market mechanisms and competitive economic models, which would not be able, by themselves, to achieve the scale of response required.

india, china, g77nations, usa, emissions, copenhagen